The cycle life of a LiFePO4 battery is influenced by several factors, including depth of discharge (DoD), charge/discharge current (C-rate), temperature, and cutoff voltages. Higher DoD, elevated temperatures, high C-rates, and voltage excursions accelerate aging. To maximize cycle life, manufacturers use conservative voltage limits (e.g., 2.5–3.55 V per cell), maintain cell temperature within a narrow band (20–30°C for stationary systems), and enforce gentle charge acceptance near full state of charge (SoC). A well-designed battery management system (BMS) is critical to avoiding these stressors and ensuring longevity.
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