A custom 48V lithium-ion battery pack enhances operational efficiency through four key levers:Uptime: Longer runtime per charge (3–10 kWh capacity) and faster opportunity charging enable more rounds/trips daily.Lifecycle Cost: LFP chemistry offers 2,000–4,000 cycles at 80% depth-of-discharge (DOD), reducing replacement frequency versus lead-acid’s 2–3-year lifespan.Energy Efficiency: 90% wall-to-wheels efficiency (vs. 60% for lead-acid) cuts electricity...